Chap035 - Prescotts 10th Ed. PDF

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Chapter 35Pathogenicity and InfectionMultiple Choice Questions1. Vector-borne transmission can be either external or internal. In external (mechanical)transmission, the pathogen is carriedA. on a fomite.B. on the body surface of a vector.C. within the vector.D. All of the choices are correct.ASM Obj...

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Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

Chapter 35 Pathogenicity and Infection

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Vector-borne transmission can be either external or internal. In external (mechanical) transmission, the pathogen is carried A. on a fomite. B. on the body surface of a vector. C. within the vector. D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.03.01 List and describe the means by which microorganisms access humans to cause disease Section: 35.03 Topic: Transmission of Infections

2. In which of the following situations did disease develop due to vertical transmission of the pathogen? A. A fetus develops listeriosis after unpasteurized cheese infected with Listeria bacteria is consumed by the mother during pregnancy B. A traveler develops gastroenteritis after drinking water that is contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria C. A dog develops rabies after being scratched during a fight with a raccoon that carries the virus D. A hospitalized patient develops MRSA bacteria in a wound following surgery

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 35.03.01 List and describe the means by which microorganisms access humans to cause disease Section: 35.03 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology Topic: Transmission of Infections

35-1 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

3. A person who is infected with a potential pathogen fails to develop signs or symptoms of disease. This correlates with initial microbial dose, microbial lethality, and/or replication rate of the pathogen. A. low; high; low B. low; low; high C. high; low; low D. high; low; high

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 35.03.02 Correlate initial microbial numbers and replication rates to infection and lethality Section: 35.03 Topic: Development of an Infection

True / False Questions 4. Colonization specifically refers to the multiplication of a pathogen on or within a host, and includes the resulting tissue invasion and damage. FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.01 Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity Learning Outcome: 35.03.03 Synthesize a concept map of the infectious process Section: 35.02 Topic: Development of an Infection Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

Multiple Choice Questions

35-2 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

5. An inanimate object that may be contaminated with a pathogen is called a ________. A. vector B. fomite C. zoonoses D. None of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 35.03.01 List and describe the means by which microorganisms access humans to cause disease Section: 35.03 Topic: Development of an Infection Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology Topic: Transmission of Infections

6. Which of the following is a facultative, rather than obligate, intracellular pathogen? A. Chlamydia B. Brucella C. Rickettsia D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 35.03.01 List and describe the means by which microorganisms access humans to cause disease Section: 35.03 Topic: Development of an Infection Topic: Obligate Intracellular Bacteria

Fill in the Blank Questions 7. A(n) __________ is an organism that transfers pathogens from one host to another. vector

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 35.03.01 List and describe the means by which microorganisms access humans to cause disease Section: 35.03 Topic: Development of an Infection Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology Topic: Transmission of Infections

35-3 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

Multiple Choice Questions 8. One example of infectious disease transmittion by a fomite is A. a child developing a cold after playing with a toy that harbored rhinovirus. B. a baby born with congenital syphilis from an infected mother. C. a teenager with severe acne due to propionibacteria growing in sebaceous glands. D. None of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 35.01.02 Predict the microbial virulence factors and host cell responses that result in disease Learning Outcome: 35.03.01 List and describe the means by which microorganisms access humans to cause disease Section: 35.01 Section: 35.03 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology Topic: Transmission of Infections

Fill in the Blank Questions 9. Many types of bacteria are only _________ when dispersing from more stable and heterogeneous communities known as biofilms. planktonic

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.02 Discuss the strategies microorganisms have evolved to exploit human cells and tissues as resources for their survival Learning Outcome: 35.02.05 Model disease processes and explain virulence Section: 35.02 Topic: Development of an Infection Topic: Virulence/Host Damage

Multiple Choice Questions

35-4 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

10. Which of the following features of a pathogen is not considered to be a virulence factor when establishing infection within host? A. Pigment production B. Attachment fimbriae C. Slime layer D. Protein spikes

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 35.02.01 Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity Learning Outcome: 35.02.02 Discuss the strategies microorganisms have evolved to exploit human cells and tissues as resources for their survival Learning Outcome: 35.02.03 Compare the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms adhere to and invade human cells and tissues Section: 35.02 Topic: Development of an Infection Topic: Virulence/Host Damage

True / False Questions 11. The term "sexually transmitted infection" is more accurate than "sexually transmitted disease" because it is a sexually transmitted pathogen may colonize host tissues without causing further damage to the host. TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 35.02.02 Discuss the strategies microorganisms have evolved to exploit human cells and tissues as resources for their survival Learning Outcome: 35.02.05 Model disease processes and explain virulence Section: 35.02 Topic: Development of an Infection Topic: Virulence/Host Damage

Multiple Choice Questions

35-5 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

12. All of the following situations are passive modes of penetration for the invasion of host tissues by opportunistic pathogens EXCEPT A. a child falling and scraping her knee. B. a firefighter receiving third-degree burns on the skin. C. a hiker being bitten by a tick. D. a bacterium adhering to intravenous tubing, forming a biofilm.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 35.02.01 Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity Learning Outcome: 35.02.03 Compare the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms adhere to and invade human cells and tissues Section: 35.02 Topic: Development of an Infection Topic: Virulence/Host Damage

Fill in the Blank Questions 13. Because LPS is bound to the surface of bacteria, it is called a(n) __________. endotoxin

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.04 Illustrate the mechanisms by which microbial toxins impact human cells Section: 35.02 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

14. A neutralizing antibody against a toxin is called a(n) __________. antitoxin

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 35.02.04 Illustrate the mechanisms by which microbial toxins impact human cells Learning Outcome: 35.02.05 Model disease processes and explain virulence Section: 35.02 Topic: Development of an Infection Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

35-6 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

15. Exotoxins can be denatured by iodine to form __________, which are useful in vaccines. toxoids

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.04 Illustrate the mechanisms by which microbial toxins impact human cells Section: 35.02 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

16. Many bacteria are pathogenic because they carry large segments of DNA called __________ _________, which were acquired by horizontal gene transfer, and which carry genes responsible for virulence. pathogenicity islands

ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.03 Compare the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms adhere to and invade human cells and tissues Learning Outcome: 35.02.05 Model disease processes and explain virulence Section: 35.02 Topic: Virulence/Host Damage

17. Once a pathogen has infected the host, __________________ is a measure of the pathogen's ability to spread to adjacent or other tissues. invasiveness

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.01 Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity Learning Outcome: 35.02.02 Discuss the strategies microorganisms have evolved to exploit human cells and tissues as resources for their survival Learning Outcome: 35.02.03 Compare the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms adhere to and invade human cells and tissues Learning Outcome: 35.03.03 Synthesize a concept map of the infectious process Section: 35.02 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

True / False Questions

35-7 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

18. While exotoxin production is most generally associated with Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria also produce exotoxins. TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.01 Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity Learning Outcome: 35.02.04 Illustrate the mechanisms by which microbial toxins impact human cells Section: 35.02 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

19. Macrophages are phagocytic cells. TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 35.02.05 Model disease processes and explain virulence Learning Outcome: 35.03.03 Synthesize a concept map of the infectious process Section: 35.02 Section: 35.03 Topic: Development of an Infection

20. Fever response can be triggered by an endogenous pyrogen called interleukin-1. TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.01 Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity Learning Outcome: 35.03.03 Synthesize a concept map of the infectious process Section: 35.02 Section: 35.03 Topic: Development of an Infection

35-8 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

21. Generally, exotoxins tend to be more heat stable than endotoxins. FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.04 Illustrate the mechanisms by which microbial toxins impact human cells Section: 35.02 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

22. The only organisms to produce endotoxins are Gram-negative bacteria. TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.04 Illustrate the mechanisms by which microbial toxins impact human cells Section: 35.02 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

Multiple Choice Questions 23. Listeria monocytogenes propels itself through mammalian host cells using A. a modified form of gliding motility. B. host cell actin and other cytoskeletal proteins. C. periplasmic flagella. D. fimbriae-based twitching motility.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.01 Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity Learning Outcome: 35.02.03 Compare the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms adhere to and invade human cells and tissues Section: 35.02 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

35-9 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

24. The toxic component of lipopolysaccharide is called _________. A. lipid A B. exotoxin C. hemolysin D. O antigen polysaccharide

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 35.02.01 Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity Section: 35.02 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

25. The characteristics of a pathogen that determine its virulence include which of the following? A. Pathogenicity B. Invasiveness C. Infectivity D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 35.02.01 Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity Learning Outcome: 35.02.05 Model disease processes and explain virulence Section: 35.02 Topic: Infectious Disease Terminology

35-10 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 35 - Pathogenicity and Infection

26. Pathogenicity...