Chap014 - Prescotts 10th Ed. PDF

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Chapter 14Regulation of Bacterial Cellular ProcessesTrue / False Questions1. Small RNAs that regulate translation by binding to the leader region of mRNAs are calledantisense RNAs.TRUEASM Objective: 04 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or sig...

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Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

Chapter 14 Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

True / False Questions 1. Small RNAs that regulate translation by binding to the leader region of mRNAs are called antisense RNAs. TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.04.02 Discuss regulation of translation by small RNAs Section: 14.04 Topic: Gene Regulation

Multiple Choice Questions 2. How do translational riboswitches and transcriptional riboswitches differ? A. Translational riboswitches are mainly observed in Gram-negative bacteria while transcriptional riboswitches are associated with Gram-positive bacteria. B. Translational riboswitches are located in the mRNA trailer while transcriptional riboswitches are in mRNA leader sequence. C. Translational riboswitch effectors bind to ribosomes while transcriptional riboswitch effectors bind to mRNA. D. All of these are differences between translational and transcriptional riboswitches.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 14.04.01 Distinguish translational riboswitches from transcriptional riboswitches Section: 14.04 Topic: Gene Regulation

True / False Questions

14-1 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

3. The THI-element is part of the operon that controls synthesis of thymine in mRNA. FALSE

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 14.04.01 Distinguish translational riboswitches from transcriptional riboswitches Section: 14.04 Topic: Gene Regulation

Multiple Choice Questions 4. Most E. coli antisense RNAs work with a protein called ______ to regulate their target mRNAs. A. CAP B. MicF C. Hfq D. None of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 14.04.02 Discuss regulation of translation by small RNAs Section: 14.04 Topic: Gene Regulation

5. An sRNA is isolated from a bacterial cell. What would you do to determine whether it is a cis-encoded or a trans-encoded sequence? A. Identify whether or not the sRNA sequence is complementary to the coding strand of mRNA gene target. B. Analyze the molecular position of hydrogen atoms in the sRNA nucleotides. C. Determine whether the sRNA binds to mRNA or to tRNA. D. Find out if the sRNA acts as a transcriptional or as a translational inhibitor.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics ASM Topic: Module 07 Scientific Thinking Blooms Level: 6. Create Learning Outcome: 14.04.02 Discuss regulation of translation by small RNAs Section: 14.04 Topic: Gene Regulation

14-2 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

6. What is the key factor determining whether or not attenuation will occur when transcription of the E. coli trp operon has been initiated? A. The activity level of adenyl cyclase B. The trp operon repressor C. The level of tryptophan in the environment D. The level of trp-tRNA that is charged with tryptophan

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 14.03.01 Describe in general terms how the trp operon of E. coli is regulated by attenuation Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

7. The __________ is a factor-independent termination site found in the leader region of certain operons, which, under the influence of ribosome behavior, controls the continued transcription of that operon. A. modulator B. operator C. attenuator D. terminator

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.03.02 Compare and contrast regulation of transcription elongation by attenuation and riboswitches Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

14-3 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

8. ______________ is used to control transcription of some anabolic pathways involved in amino acid biosynthesis. A. Attenuation B. Catabolite repression C. Induction D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.03.02 Compare and contrast regulation of transcription elongation by attenuation and riboswitches Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

9. Which is a false statement regarding riboswitches? A. Riboswitches are regions in the 5’ untranslated leader of an mRNA. B. The effector molecules that bind to riboswitches are proteins. C. When the effector binds the riboswitch, it may serve to terminate transcription of its target mRNA. D. When the effector binds the riboswitch, it may serve to continue transcription of its target mRNA.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 14.03.02 Compare and contrast regulation of transcription elongation by attenuation and riboswitches Section: 14.03 Section: 14.04 Topic: Gene Regulation

14-4 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

10. With the E. coli trp operon where both repression and attenuation occur, the extent of regulation achieved by repression is _____________ the extent of regulation achieved by attenuation. A. the same as B. less than C. greater than D. Repression is not used in the regulation of the E. coli trp operon.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 14.03.01 Describe in general terms how the trp operon of E. coli is regulated by attenuation Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

True / False Questions 11. Riboswitches regulate transcription, rather than translation, in cells. FALSE

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 14.03.02 Compare and contrast regulation of transcription elongation by attenuation and riboswitches Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

Multiple Choice Questions

14-5 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

12. The terminator versus anti-terminator function of the T box-based riboswitch used by Gram-positive bacteria to regulate amino acid-related genes is determined by A. the binding of the appropriate uncharged tRNA. B. the rate of leader peptide synthesis. C. the binding of the T box binding protein. D. the utilization of the appropriate sigma factor by RNA polymerase.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 14.03.02 Compare and contrast regulation of transcription elongation by attenuation and riboswitches Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

13. In general, riboswitches regulate in Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia and in Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus. A. transcription; translation B. translation; transcription C. replication; translation D. transcription; replication

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 14.03.01 Describe in general terms how the trp operon of E. coli is regulated by attenuation Learning Outcome: 14.04.01 Distinguish translational riboswitches from transcriptional riboswitches Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

14. In attenuation regulation of the trp operon, which stem loop forms when tryptophan is readily available to the cell? A. 3:4 B. 1:3 C. 2:3 D. 2:4

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 14.03.01 Describe in general terms how the trp operon of E. coli is regulated by attenuation Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

14-6 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

True / False Questions 15. During tryptophan synthesis in Escherichia coli, the 1:2 attenuator sequence of mRNA is called the pause loop. TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.03.01 Describe in general terms how the trp operon of E. coli is regulated by attenuation Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

16. During regulation by attenuation in the trp operon, if the pause and terminator loops form in mRNA, transcription is uncoupled to translation and protein synthesis is not occurring. TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 14.03.03 Explain why the coupling of transcription and translation in bacterial cells is important to the regulatory mechanisms they use Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

Multiple Choice Questions 17. Which of the following is not a regulatory mechanism used to control the tryptophan operon in Escherichia coli? A. Repression B. Catabolite repression C. Attenuation D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 14.03.01 Describe in general terms how the trp operon of E. coli is regulated by attenuation Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

True / False Questions

14-7 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

18. When tryptophan levels in a cell are low, a cell will stall transcription but continue translation of the tryptophan operon. FALSE

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 14.03.02 Compare and contrast regulation of transcription elongation by attenuation and riboswitches Learning Outcome: 14.03.03 Explain why the coupling of transcription and translation in bacterial cells is important to the regulatory mechanisms they use Section: 14.03 Topic: Gene Regulation

Fill in the Blank Questions 19. When arabinose is present in the environment, the AraC protein acts as a(n) ______________ for the E. coli ara operon. activator or inducer

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 14.02.03 Summarize how negative transcriptional control and positive transcriptional control can be used to regulate both inducible and repressible genes Section: 14.02 Topic: Gene Regulation

Multiple Choice Questions

14-8 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

20. Serratia marcescens bacteria has a gene that regulates red pigment production by cells. A student inoculates two nutrient agar plates of Serratia and incubates one at 25oC and the other at 37oC. Following incubation, the student observes that colonies on the 25oC plate are red while those on the 37oC plate are nonpigmented. Which of the following statements is a logical conclusion based on these results? A. Serratia genes for pigment production are induced at certain temperatures. B. This is an example of constitutive gene expression. C. Low temperatures cause repression of certain housekeeping genes. D. Serratia cells undergo a genotypic change that is proportional to changes in temperature.

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 6. Create Learning Outcome: 14.02.01 Compare and contrast housekeeping, constitutive, inducible, and repressible genes Section: 14.02 Topic: Gene Regulation

True / False Questions 21. Helix-turn-helix and zinc fingers are secondary structural motifs in DNA and RNA, respectively. FALSE

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 14.02.02 Describe two common motifs in DNA-binding proteins Section: 14.02 Topic: Gene Regulation

Multiple Choice Questions

14-9 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

22. In terms of transcription regulation, the role of a helix-turn-helix is most similar to that of a(n) . A. zinc finger B. sigma factor C. poly-A tail D. guanine cap

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 14.02.02 Describe two common motifs in DNA-binding proteins Section: 14.02 Topic: Gene Regulation

Fill in the Blank Questions 23. When there is no arabinose available in the environment, the AraC protein acts as a(n) ______________ for the E. coli ara operon. repressor

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 14.02.03 Summarize how negative transcriptional control and positive transcriptional control can be used to regulate both inducible and repressible genes Section: 14.02 Topic: Gene Regulation

24. If a set of genes is repressed in the presence of the controlling substance, it is referred to as __________ control. negative

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.02.03 Summarize how negative transcriptional control and positive transcriptional control can be used to regulate both inducible and repressible genes Learning Outcome: 14.02.04 Outline the regulatory “decisions” made by cells Section: 14.02 Topic: Gene Regulation

14-10 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

25. If a set of genes is induced in the presence of the controlling substance, it is referred to as __________ control. positive

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.02.03 Summarize how negative transcriptional control and positive transcriptional control can be used to regulate both inducible and repressible genes Learning Outcome: 14.02.04 Outline the regulatory “decisions” made by cells Section: 14.02 Topic: Gene Regulation

True / False Questions 26. The binding of arabinose to the AraC protein allows it to form a loop in the DNA upstream of the ara operon promoter. FALSE

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 14.02.03 Summarize how negative transcriptional control and positive transcriptional control can be used to regulate both inducible and repressible genes Section: 14.02 Topic: Gene Regulation

Multiple Choice Questions

14-11 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14 - Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

27. __________ activate repressor proteins, thereby decreasing the synthesis of certain enzymes. A. Inducers B. Corepressors C. Effectors D. Modulators

ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 14.02.03 Summarize how negative transcriptional control and positive transcriptional control can be used to regulate both inducible and repressible genes Learning Outcome: 14.02.04 Outline the regulatory “decisions” made by cells Section: 14.02 Topic: Gene Regulation

28. __________ alter repressor proteins thereby increasing the rate of transcri...