Chap042 - Prescotts 10th Ed. PDF

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Chapter 42Biotechnology and Industrial MicrobiologyMultiple Choice Questions1. Penicillin is produced by some _________.A. bacteriaB. fungiC. actinomycetesD. protozoanASM Objective: 03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM O...

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Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

Chapter 42 Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Penicillin is produced by some _________. A. bacteria B. fungi C. actinomycetes D. protozoan

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

True / False Questions 2. Production of semisynthetic penicillins involves chemical modification of a penicillin product after it has been released from penicillin-producing cells. TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

Multiple Choice Questions

42-1 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

3. Most antibiotics are produced by _________. A. unicellular bacteria B. streptomyces C. yeasts D. protozoa

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

4. Phenylacetic acid is added to the penicillin fermentation to allow incorporation of which side chain group? A. Acetyl B. Benzyl C. Methyl D. Propyl

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

42-2 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

5. The _____________ lactose is often used as a substrate for penicillin production. A. monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. trisaccharide D. more complex molecule

ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology

6. Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for the large scale industrial production of _________. A. vitamin B1 B. antibiotics C. amino acids D. polysaccharides

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

42-3 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

7. Corynebacterium glutamicum is used to produce glutamic acid, and this is most successful when the cell permeability is _______. A. increased B. decreased C. not changed D. isotonic

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

8. An amino acid that is used as a supplement for breads is _________. A. leucine B. aspartate C. proline D. lysine

ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

9. The major organism used in the microbial production of citric acid is _________. A. Penicillium notatum B. Rhizopus nigrificans C. Aspergillus niger D. Lactobacillus delbrueckii

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

42-4 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

True / False Questions 10. Although a small fraction of the citric acid used in the food and beverage industry is produced by microbial fermentation, most industrially used citric acid is derived directly from citrus fruit. FALSE

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

Multiple Choice Questions 11. Most biopolymers industrially produced by means of microorganisms are _________. A. cell wall constituents B. nucleic acids C. histones D. polysaccharides

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

42-5 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

12. Microbially produced glycolipid surfactants are used for A. emulsification and increasing detergency, which aids in biodegradability. B. solubilization of hydrophobic compounds, which enhances cleanup and recovery of oil from spills. C. prevention or reduction of microbial growth on surfaces, decreasing transmission of disease. D. both emulsification and increasing detergency and solubilization of hydrophobic compounds. E. both emulsification and increasing detergency and prevention or reduction of microbial growth on surfaces.

ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.01.01 Describe at least five compounds of industrial importance made by microbes Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

13. Which of the following is a reason why bioconversions are replacing chemical synthesis of certain compounds? A. Bioconversions facilitate the scaling up of reactions. B. Enzymes catalysts are not destroyed in the bioconversion process. C. Bioconversions yield specific and biologically active stereoisomers. D. Enzyme catalyzed reactions in the bioconversion process proceed much more rapidly.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 42.01.02 Define biocatalysis and explain its advantages over chemical synthesis Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

True / False Questions

42-6 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

14. Use of microbial enzymes for bioconversion reactions is preferred because alternative chemical synthesis requires harsh manufacturing conditions. TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 42.01.02 Define biocatalysis and explain its advantages over chemical synthesis Section: 42.01 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

Fill in the Blank Questions 15. In many ways, ______________ as a biofuel compares very favorably to ethanol and other fuels. hydrogen or Hydrogen

ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 42.02.01 Compare the value of biofuel use with the challenges presented in its manufacture and transport Section: 42.02 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

Multiple Choice Questions

42-7 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

16. The most commonly used substrate for the production of ethanol for use in fuel comes from which plant source? A. Algae B. Crop residue C. Corn D. Rice

ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.02.01 Compare the value of biofuel use with the challenges presented in its manufacture and transport Section: 42.02 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

17. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using corn to manufacture ethanol as a fuel additive? A. Use of corn as a fuel source drives up the cost of grain worldwide. B. Ethanol absorbs water and would thus corrode fuel pipelines used in transport. C. Ethanol contains far less energy than other fuels. D. All of these are disadvantages.

ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.02.02 Discuss at least two types of biofuels Section: 42.02 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

18. Which fuel contains more potential energy per unit weight than gasoline? A. Ethanol derived from corn B. Ethanol derived from algae C. Hydrogen D. None of these contain more energy per weight unit than gasoline.

ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.02.02 Discuss at least two types of biofuels Section: 42.02 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

42-8 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

True / False Questions 19. To industrial microbiologists, fermentation means the mass culture of microorganisms. TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 42.03.01 Explain the use of the term fermenter as it is used in an industrial setting Section: 42.03 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

Multiple Choice Questions 20. Which is the key component in the process of successfully going from small-scale fermentation to large-scale industrial fermentation? A. The scale-up process is paramount. B. Developing a suitable culture media. C. Success in producing one liter of product. D. Finding the right organism to repeatedly produce one liter of product.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.03.01 Explain the use of the term fermenter as it is used in an industrial setting Section: 42.03 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

Fill in the Blank Questions

42-9 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

21. Stirred fermenters can range in size from 3 liters to ____________ liters or larger, depending on production requirements. 100,000 or 100000

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.03.02 Describe two types of fermenters Section: 42.03 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

Multiple Choice Questions 22. Frequently a critical component in the medium, often the carbon source, is added _____________ so that the microorganisms will not have excess substrate available at any given time. A. sporadically B. continuously C. gradually D. None of these choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.03.02 Describe two types of fermenters Section: 42.03 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

42-10 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

23. Primary metabolites A. include compounds such as antibiotics and mycotoxins. B. include bacteriocins and other similar cytotoxic compounds. C. are compounds needed for the synthesis of microbial cells in the primary growth phase. D. are compounds that accumulate during the period after primary growth phase and have no direct relationship to the synthesis of cell materials.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 42.03.02 Describe two types of fermenters Section: 42.03 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

Fill in the Blank Questions 24. Molecules produced by a cell that are not directly related to the synthesis of cell materials and that are usually produced after the growth phase has ended are called __________ __________. secondary metabolites

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 42.03.02 Describe two types of fermenters Section: 42.03 Topic: Applied Microbiology Topic: Industrial Microbiology

True / False Questions

42-11 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 42 - Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

25. To ensure maximum production of desired metabolites, it is always necessary to maintain organisms in active logarithmic growth. ...