Chap026 - Prescotts 10th Ed. PDF

Preview

Summary

Chapter 26Fungi (Eumycota)Fill in the Blank Questions1. Most fungi secure their nutrients from dead organic matter and are therefore called_________.saprophytesASM Objective: 03 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities...

Description

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

Chapter 26 Fungi (Eumycota)

Fill in the Blank Questions 1. Most fungi secure their nutrients from dead organic matter and are therefore called _________. saprophytes

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 06.01 Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g. in biogeochemical cycles and plant and / or animal microbiota). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

True / False Questions 2. Fungi are essential in industrial production of food and spirits. TRUE

ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Learning Outcome: 26.05.01 Describe ecological, economic, and medical importance of ascomycetes Section: 26.01 Section: 26.05 Topic: Fungi

26-1 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

3. Like some bacteria, fungal cells secrete enzymes that promote exodigestion after which the released nutrients are transported into the cell across the plasma membrane. TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

4. Yeast are true eukaryotes with a nucleus, mitochondria, and other membrane bound organelles including flagella. FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.02 Differentiate between a yeast and a mold, and between hypha and mycelium Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

5. Recent analysis indicates that the chytrids are the most primitive division of fungi and that a single event resulted in the loss of flagella in the more advanced fungi. FALSE

ASM Objective: 01.02 Mutations and horizontal gene transfer, with the immense variety of microenvironments, have selected for a huge diversity of microorganisms. ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.02.01 Explain why chytrids are unique among fungi Learning Outcome: 26.02.03 Describe general chytrid morphology Section: 26.02 Topic: Fungi

26-2 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

6. Some chytrids have true mycelia, but others may consist of a single cell or a small multinucleate mass. TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.02.03 Describe general chytrid morphology Section: 26.02 Topic: Fungi

7. Fungal spores are usually responsible for the bright colors and fluffy textures of the molds that produce them. TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.02 Differentiate between a yeast and a mold, and between hypha and mycelium Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

Fill in the Blank Questions 8. When infecting host plants, Glomeromycetes form specialized flat hyphae called __________ that enable penetration and subsequent reproduction within the host. appressoria

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.04.02 Differentiate between ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizae Section: 26.04 Topic: Fungi

True / False Questions

26-3 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

9. Although mating in yeast strains leads to sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction by budding predominates when cultured on rich growth medium. TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.05.02 Diagram the Saccharomyces cerevisiae life cycle Section: 26.05 Topic: Fungi

10. Most basidiomycetes are autotrophs that decompose plant debris, especially cellulose and lignin. FALSE

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Learning Outcome: 26.06.01 Describe the life cycle of a typical basidiomycete Section: 26.01 Section: 26.06 Topic: Fungi

Fill in the Blank Questions

26-4 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

11. The ustilaginomycete Ustilago maydis is _____________; plant-associated fungi grow in the _____________ form but are yeastlike in the external environment. dimorphic; mycelial

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.06.03 Describe one human and one plant disease caused by a basidiomycete Section: 26.06 Topic: Fungi

12. Edible truffles are in the fungal group termed __________, while edible mushrooms are in the fungal group termed __________. Ascomycota; Basidiomycota

ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.05.01 Describe ecological, economic, and medical importance of ascomycetes Section: 26.05 Section: 26.06 Topic: Fungi

True / False Questions 13. The common fungus Polyporus squamous forms large shelf-like structures that project from the lower portion of dead trees. TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

Fill in the Blank Questions

26-5 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

14. The ______________ are fungi that lack mitochondria, peroxisomes, and centrioles. Microsporidia

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 06.02 Microorganisms provide essential models that give us fundamental knowledge about life processes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.07.01 Explain why microsporidia are no longer considered protists Learning Outcome: 26.07.02 Describe the microsporidian life cycle and relate its unique morphology to host invasion Section: 26.07 Topic: Fungi

Multiple Choice Questions 15. Fungi are found primarily in which of the following environments? A. Marine

B. Freshwater C. Terrestrial D. Arboreal

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

26-6 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

16. Fungi form functional associations with which of the following? A. Plant roots

B. Phototrophic microbes C. Animals D. Plant roots and phototrophic microbes

ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Learning Outcome: 26.04.01 Describe the functional importance of Glomeromycota spp. Section: 26.01 Section: 26.04 Topic: Fungi

17. Diseases in animals caused by fungi are called __________. A. funguses B. mycoses C. dictyoses D. cystoses

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Learning Outcome: 26.05.01 Describe ecological, economic, and medical importance of ascomycetes Learning Outcome: 26.07.03 List at least two human diseases caused by microsporidia Section: 26.01 Section: 26.05 Section: 26.07 Topic: Fungi

26-7 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

18. The primary ecological function of fungi is that of __________. A. producer B. consumer C. pathogen D. decomposer

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 06.01 Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g. in biogeochemical cycles and plant and / or animal microbiota). ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Learning Outcome: 26.01.06 Assess the role of fungal decomposition on global carbon flux Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

19. Fungi digest macromolecules by _________. A. phagocytosis B. intracellular digestion C. extracellular enzyme activity D. active transport

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

26-8 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

20. Which of the following is not true about yeast? A. Yeast contain two or more nuclei. B. Yeast reproduce either asexually by budding or sexually through spore formation. C. Yeast are larger than most bacteria. D. Yeast possess eukaryotic organelles.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.02 Differentiate between a yeast and a mold, and between hypha and mycelium Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

21. Fungi A. are eukaryotic organisms. B. produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions. C. are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on the species. D. produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions and are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on the species.

ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

26-9 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

22. Fungi A. absorb nutrients from the environment. B. take in food by phagocytosis. C. generate ATP and reducing equivalents by photosynthesis. D. All of these choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.01 Discuss the importance of fungi in the environment as well as their practical importance Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

23. Features that are useful for identification of fungal species include A. size, shape color and number of spores. B. presence of a membrane bound nucleus. C. ability to produce chlorophyll a. D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 26.01.03 Compare and contrast different spore morphologies Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

26-10 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

24. The tangled mass or tissue-like aggregation in a mold is called a _________. A. hyphae B. hypha C. mycelium D. thallus

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.01.02 Differentiate between a yeast and a mold, and between hypha and mycelium Section: 26.01 Topic: Fungi

25. The common bread mold Rhizopus stolonifer belongs to the _________. A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Glomeromycota

ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.03.01 Recognize zygomycetes in nature Section: 26.03 Topic: Fungi

26-11 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 26 - Fungi (Eumycota)

26. The toxin that allows Rhizopus to cause the rice disease known as seedling blight is actually produced by _________________ growing within the fungus. A. Burkholderia B. Clostridium C. Staphylococcus D. Burkholderia and Staphylococcus, but not Clostridium E. None of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 26.03.03 List at least two reasons zygomycetes b...