Influenza Viral Case Study PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Influenza Viral Case Study PDF

Description

Influenza Viral Case Study Questions

1.

Where in the respiratory tract does the seasonal H1N1 influenza and pandemic H1N1 influenza strain infect? (hint:the answers are different)

The seasonal H1N1 influenza virus infects high in the upper respiratory tract, whereas the pandemic H1N1 influenza strain attacks the lower, more vulnerable part of the respiratory tract. 2.

What type of protein did the 1918 Spanish Influenza bind and how does this differ from seasonal H1N1 influenza strains?

Th e1 91 8Sp a n i s hI nflu e nz abi n d st oa l p h a 2 3 l i n ks i a l i ca c i d,wh i c hi sl o c a t e dmo r ei nt h el o we r r e s p i r a t o r yt r a c t . Th es e a s o n a lH1 N1i n flu e n z as t r a i nb i nd st ot h ea l p h a 2 6l i n k e ds i a l i ca c i d , wh i c hi si nt heu p pe rr e s p i r a t or yt r a c t .Th i sd i ffe r e n c ei sd u et ot hed i ffe r e n tc o mb i na t i o n so ft h e h e ma g g l u t i n i n( HA)p r o t e i no nt h es u r f a c eo ft h ev i r u s , whi c hma k ei tmo r eo rl e s sl e t h a l . 3.

Explain how the information obtained in questions 1 & 2 illustrates the virulence of seasonal H1N1 influenza and pandemic H1N1 influenza.

Both questions 1 and 2 illustrate that differences in H and N protein combinations will alter the lethality of the virus. Seasonal H1N1 protein combination allow the virus to attack the upper respiratory system, which isn’t as vulnerable as the lower respiratory tract that the pandemic H1N1 attacks. Upper respiratory infections like bronchitis are not as severe as lower respiratory infections like pneumonia. 4.

Define antigenic drift and how it relates to seasonal H1N1 influenza & vaccinations

An t i g e n i cd r i f ti smi n o ra n dgr a d u a lc h a n g e si nt h ei n flu e nz av i r u sd u et omu t a t i o n si nt h eg e n e s . Fl us t r a i n sc a nc h a n g e , wh i c hi swh yp e o p l ec a ns t i l lg e tt h eflua f t e rd e v e l o p i n ga n t i b o di e st ot h e o r i g i n a l s t r a i n .Th i sc on s t a n tc h a n g ema k e si tc ha l l e n g i n gt od e v e l o pas i n g l ev a c c i n e .Th e v a c c i n ec h a n g e se v e r yy e a r ,a si ti n c l u d e smul t i pl ed i ffe r e n ts t r a i n soft h evi r u s . I ti si mp o r t a ntt o g e tv a c c i na t e dy e a r l ya n df o rs c i e n t i s t st oc on t i n uet oup d a t et h ev a c c i n et ok e e pu pwi t ht h ee v e r c h a n g i ngg e ne s . 5.

Define antigenic shift and how it relates to pandemic H1N1 influenza and outbreaks

An t i g e n i cs h i f ti sama j o rc h a n g et ot h ei nflu e nz av i r u sd u et or e c o mb i na t i o no fv i r a ls t r a i n sf r om t wod i ffe r e nth os ts p e c i e s . Th i sr e s ul t si nan e wh e ma g g l u t i n i no rn e wh e ma g g l u t i ni na n d n e u r a mi n i da s ep r o t e i nc o mb i n a t i o nt h a tc a ni n f e c th u ma n swi t hd i ffe r i n gs e v e r i t i e s . Th i sr a p i d s h i f to rc h a n g ec a nl e a dt opa n de mi c sb e c a u s epe o pl eh a v en e v e rs e e nt h i sn e wv i r u sa n dd on ’ t h a v ea nt i b o d i e sorp r o t e c t i o na g a i n s ti t .

6.

Modify the following RNA sequence to illustrate antigenic drift (note: the bolded/italicized/highlighted ribonucleic acids code for the Hemagglutinin gene) AUGCCUAAUGGCCAGUAAAA

AUGCCUAAUGGCUAGUAAAA 7.

Explain how the 1918 influenza virus and the 2009 H1N1 Influenza virus are similar

Sc i e n t i s t sl e db yDr . Ga r yNo b e ld i s c o v e r e dt h a tbot hv i r u s e sl a c ka“ s u g a rc a p ”ma deo fg l y c a n mol e c u l e st ha tp r o t e c tt h evi r u sf r o mb e i n gr e c o g ni z e db yt hei mmu nes y s t e m. 8.

Describe the swine "mixing vessel theory" for the transmission of influenza viruses

Swi n ec a nc o n t r a c tb o t ha v i a na n dh u ma ni n flu e n z av i r u s e s , wh i c ha l l o wsr e c o mb i na t i o nb e t we e n t h ed i ffe r e n ts t r a i n s . Th i sme a n sag e n ef r o ma na v i a nv i r u sc a nb et r a n s f e r r e di n t oah u ma nv i r u s a n dt h e ni n f e c th u ma n swi t ht h i sn e wmo d i fie df o r m. 9.

Explain how influenza A viruses segmented genome can play a critical role in dissemination of viruses between birds and humans.

As e g me nt e dg e n o mea l l o wsa ne n t i r eg e n et ob emo r ec a p a b l eo ft r a n s f e r r i n gf r o m ah u ma n s t r a i nv i r u st oa na v i a ns t r a i nv i r u sa n dv i c ev e r s a . 10.

How can we protect ourselves if swine or bird influenza crosses species barriers? List a minimum of 3 solutions

Al t h o u g hh a r d e rs a i dt h a ndo n e ,i two u l db eb e s tt ot r ya n da v o i dt h a ts p e c i fics p e c i e so fb i r do r p i g . I two u l da l s ob en e c e s s a r yt oa v o i dc o n t a c twi t hf o l kswhoma yb ei n f e c t e dwi t ht h ev i r u s . Wa s h i n ga n ds a n i t i z eha n dsf r e q ue n t l y , e s pe c i a l l yi fy ou ’ v ema dec on t a c twi t hs o me on e .Th o s e wh oh a v et hev i r u ss ho u l dwe a rf a c ec o v e r i n g sa n da v oi dc o mi n gi nc o nt a c twi t ha n y o n et ha t h a s n ’ tb e e ni n f e c t e dt omi n i mi z et r a ns mi s s i on .

Re f e r e n c e s

Morens, D., Taubenberger, J., Harvey, H., & Memoli, M. (2010, April). The 1918 influenza pandemic: Lessons for 2009 and the future. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3180813/ Dasaraju, P. (1996, January 01). Infections of the Respiratory System. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8142/ How the Flu Virus Can Change: "Drift" and "Shift". (2019, October 15). Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/change.htm By: Robert Roos | Dec 20, 2. (2007, December 20). New swine flu virus supports 'mixing vessel' theory. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/newsperspective/2007/12/new-swine-flu-virus-supports-mixing-vessel-theory...