Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan PDF

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KKK and KARTILYA ng KATIPUNAN FOUNDING OF THE KATIPUNAN ● ● ● ● ●

Founded on the night of July 7, 1892. Azcarraga St. (Claro M. Recto St.) The Katipunan was a secret revolutionary society of Filipino patriots. Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan Founder: Andres Bonifacio, with the aid of his friends: – Teodoro Plata – Ladislao Diwa – Deodato Arellano – Valentin Diaz

AIM OF KKK: -To unite the Filipinos -To fight for Philippine Independence ➢ The Katipunan was governed by the Supreme Council (Tagalog: Kataastaasang Sanggunian). ➢ The first Supreme Council of the Katipunan was formed around August 1892, a month after the founding of the society. ➢ The Supreme Council was headed by an elected president (Pangulo), followed by the secretary/secretaries (Kalihim); the treasurer (Tagaingat-yaman) and the fiscal (Tagausig). ➢ The Supreme Council also had its councilors (Kasanguni); the number varied through presidencies. To distinguish from presidents of lower sanggunian or councils (below) the president of the Supreme Council was called the Supreme President (Tagalog: Kataastaasang Pangulo; Spanish: Presidente Supremo). ➢ In each province where there were Katipunan members, a provincial council called Sangguniang Bayan was established and in each town was an organized popular council called Sangguniang Balangay. ➢ Each Balangay were given a chance to expand their own spheres of influence, through a triangle system in order to elevate their status to Sangguniang Bayan.

➢ It was the original plan of Bonifacio to increase the membership of the Katipunan by means of sistemang patatsulok or triangle system. ➢ He formed his first triangle with his two comrades, Teodoro Plata and Ladislao Diwa. Each of them re-instituted Katipunan thoughts into another two new converts. ➢ A new system of initiation, modeled after the Masonic rites was then adopted. ★ In the meeting of the society, Katipon wore a black hood with a triangle of white ribbon having the letters "Z. Ll. B.", corresponding to the roman "A.N.B.", meaning Anak ng Bayan (Son of the People). ★ Kawal wore a green hood with a triangle having white lines and the letters "Z. LL. B." ★ At the three angles of the triangle, and also wore a green ribbon with a medal with the letter (ka) in Baybayin script above a depiction of a crossed sword and flag. ★ The password was Gom-Bur-Za, taken from the names of the three martyrs. Bayani (Hero) wore a red mask and a sash with green borders, symbolizing courage and hope. Another password was Rizal. Color designations: (Black) Katipon. First-degree members. Other symbols: Black hood, revolver and/or bolo. (Green) Kawal. Second-degree members. Other symbols: green ribboned-medallion with Malayan K inscription. (Red and Green) Bayani. Third degree members. Other symbols: Red hood and sash, with green borders. ❖ Any person who wished to join the Katipunan was subjected to certain initiation rites to test his courage, patriotism, and loyalty. New recruits underwent the initiation rite three at a time so that no member knew more than two other members of the society. ❖ The neophyte was first blindfolded and then led into a dimly lighted room with black curtains where his folded cloth was removed from his eyes.

❖ Inside the candle-lit room, they would be brought to a table adorned with a skull and a bolo. ❖ There, they would condemn the abuses of the Spanish government and vow to fight colonial oppression. ❖ The next step in the initiation ceremony was the lecture given by the master of ceremonies, called Mabalasig/Mabalasik (terrible brother), who informed the neophyte to withdraw if he lacked courage since he would be out of place in the patriotic society, If the neophyte persisted, he was presented to the assembly of the brethren, who subjected him to various ordeals such as blindfolding him and making him shoot a supposedly a revolver at a person, or forcing him to jump a supposedly hot flame. ❖ After the ordeals came to final rite–the pacto de sangre or blood compact–in which the neophyte signed the oath with blood taken from his arm. ❖ He was then accepted as a full-pledged member, with a symbolic name by which he was being known within Katipunan circles.

ANDRES BONIFACIO ● ● ● ●

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The Great Plebeian Born in Tondo on November 30, 1863, the first child of poor parents. Named after St. Andrew the patron saint of Manila. He had three brothers and two sisters: ○ Ciriaco ○ Procopio ○ Espiridiona ○ Troadio ○ Maxima His parents died when he was 14 years old. He supported his siblings by selling bamboo canes and paper fans in the city streets. He also worked as a warehouse keeper in a mosaic tile factory in Sta. Mesa. He worked first as a messenger and was promoted as an agent in Fleming and Company but he transferred to Fressell and Company for a higher wage.

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Monica – first wife of Bonifacio who died because of leprosy Gregoria de Jesus – second wife of Bonifacio whom he had a son named Andres who died because of smallpox.

❖ On the night of July 7, 1892, Andrés Bonifacio, a member of the La Liga Filipina, founded the Katipunan in a house in Tondo, Manila. ❖ Bonifacio did establish the Katipunan when it was becoming apparent to anti-Spanish Filipinos that colonial authorities would suppress societies like the La Liga Filipina. ❖ The Katipunan was founded along Azcarraga St. (now Claro M. Recto Avenue) near Elcano St. in Tondo, Manila. The Katipunan had four aims, namely: ➢ To develop a strong alliance with each and every Katipunero ➢ To unite Filipinos into one solid nation; ➢ To win Philippine independence by means of an armed conflict (or revolution) ➢ To establish a republic after independence. ❖ The rise of the Katipunan signalled the end of the crusade to secure reforms from Spain by means of a peaceful campaign. The KKK members agreed on the following objectives: ➢ The political goal was to completely separate the Philippines from Spain after declaring the country’s independence. ➢ The moral goal was to teach the Filipinos good manners, cleanliness, hygiene, fine morals, and how to guard themselves against religious fanaticism. ➢ The civic goal was to encourage Filipinos to help themselves and to defend the poor oppressed. • Andres Bonifacio – a self trained writer. • His pen name was Agapito Bagumbayan • His writings were: – Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan – a patriotic poem – Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan – a Katipunan Decalogue – Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog – a politico historical essay.

He started his education in the school of Guillermo Osmeña, a private primary school in Tondo. He educated himself by extensive reading of good books and learning Spanish by self-study.

EMILIO JACINTO ●

Brains of the Katipunan

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Born in Trozo (Tondo), Manila on December 15, 1875. His father died shortly after he was born so he was adopted by his uncle Don Jose Dizon Obtained the Bachelor of Arts’ degree in Colegio de San Juan de Letran Studied Law in UST but was not able to finish it. Remained loyal to Bonifacio even after his death. He died on April 16, 1899 at the age of 23 years old because of Malaria. He was one of the highest-ranking officer in the Philippine Revolution He was elected Secretary of State for the Haring Bayang Katagalugan, a revolutionary government established during the outbreak of hostilities. Jacinto was present in the so-called Cry of Pugad Lawin (or Cry of Balintawak) with Andrés Bonifacio, the Supremo (Supreme President) of the Katipunan

KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT ❖ Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme Council) – for the whole country ❖ Consisted of a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a comptroller. ❖ Sangguniang Bayan (Provincial Council) – for every province. ❖ Sangguniang Balangay (Municipal Council) – for every town. ❖ The Judicial power of KKK was exercised by the Sangguniang Hukuman (Judicial Council) ❖ It decided cases involving treachery among the members and quarrels between them

Officers of KKK The first Supreme Council of the Katipunan was organized in August 1, 1892. It was composed of the following: ● President (Supremo) ○ Deodato Arellano ● Comptroller (Intervenor) ○ Andres Bonifacio ● Fiscal ○ Ladislao Diwa ● Secretary ○ Teodoro Plata ● Treasurer ○ Valentin Diaz

Deodato Arellano – was the first President of Katipunan. Roman Basa- became the Supremo because Bonifacio was disgusted over the performance of Arellano. TWO YEARS AFTER, ANOTHER ELECTION WAS HELD WITH THE FOLLOWING AS OFFICERS • Supremo – Andres Bonifacio • Secretary of State – Emilio Jacinto • Secretary of War – Teodoro Plata • Secretary of Justice – Briccio Pantas • Secretary of Interior – Aguedo del Rosario • Secretary of Finance – Enrique Pacheco

KARTILYA OF EMILIO JACINTO 1. The life is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree withut a shade, if not a poisonous weed. 2. To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake is not virtue. 3. It is rational to be charitable and love one’s fellow creature, and to adjust one’s conduct, acts and words to what is in itself reasonable. 4. Whether our skin is black or white, we are all born equals: superiority in knowledge, wealth and beauty are to be understood, but not superiority by nature. 5. The honourable man prefers honor to personal gain; the scoundrel, gain to honor. 6. To the honourable man, his word is sacred 7. Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but not time lost. 8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field. 9. The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in keeping secrets. 10. On the thorny path of life, man is guide of woman and the children, and if the guide leads to the precipice, those whom be guides will also go there. 11.Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful companion who will share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical) weakness will increase thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the mother who bore thee and reared thee. 12.What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brother, and sister that do not unto the wife children, brother and sister neighbour. 13. Man is not worth more because he is a king, because his nose is aquiline, and his color white, not because he is a priest, a servant of God, norr because of

the prerogative that he enjoys upon earth, but he is worth most who is a man of proven and real value, who does good, keeps his words, is worthy and honest; he who loves and cherishes his fatherland, though he be born in the wilderness and know no tongue but his own. 14.When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the longed for sun of Liberty shall rise brilliant over this most unhappy portion of the globe and rays shall diffuse everlasting joy among the confederated brethren of the same rays, the lives of those who have gone before, the fatigues and the well paid suffering will remain. If he who desires to enter has informed himself of all this and believes he will be able to perform what will be his duties, he may fill out the application for admission.

SYMBOLIC NAMES: Every member of the Katipunan adopted a symbolic name: Andres Bonifacio – May Pagasa Emilio Jacinto – Pingkian Artemio Ricarte – Vibora Emilio Aguinaldo – Magdalo Three Grades of the Katipunan Membership: Katipun (Associate) – first grade, password was ANAK NG BAYAN Kawal (Soldier) – second grade, password was GOMBURZA Bayani (Patriot) – third grade, password was RIZAL

KATAASTAASAN KAGALANGGALANGANG KATIPUNAN

For example: ● Diego Silang was known as an Ilocano who took up his arms and led one of the strongest running revolts in the country. ● His mainly concerned about his locality and referred to himself as El Rey de Ilocos (The King of Ilocos). ● The imagination was largely absent in the aspirations as the local revolt before the Katipunan. ● The Propaganda movements led by the Illustrado like Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena and Jose Rizal did not envision a total separation of the Philippines from Spain, but only wanted equal rights, representation, and protection from the abuses of the friars. ❖ The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. ❖ The name Katipunan is actually a shorter version of the official name, which is in Tagalog: Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (translated as, Supreme and Venerable Society of the Sons of the People, Highest and Most Honorable Society of the Children of the Nation). ❖ The Katipunan is also known by its acronym, KKK. The word "katipunan", literally meaning 'association' , comes from the root word "tipon", a Tagalog word, meaning "society" or "gather together". ❖ Katipunan was a secret organization until its discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.

WOMEN OF THE KATIPUNAN ● ●

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The most important organization formed in Philippine history. The organization envisioned: A united Filipino nation that would revolt against the Spaniards. The total independence of the country from Spain. Previous armed revolts had already occurred before the foundation of the katipunan, but none of them envisioned a unified Filipino nation revolting against colonizers.

At the beginning, the Katipunan was exclusively for men. Women were later admitted to preserve peace in the family, because the wives of the Katipuneros were becoming jealous of the nightly absences of their husbands and the reduction of their monthly earnings.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR FEMALE MEMBERS ● Wife of a Katipunero ● Daughter of a Katipunero ● Sister of a Katipunero ● Any close relative of a Katipunero

PROMINENT KATIPUNERAS ★ Gregoria de Jesus – wife of Bonifacio and was called Lakambini of the Katipunan. ★ Maria Dizon – cousin of Emilio Jacinto ★ Simeona de Remigio – wife of Tomas Remigio ★ Sisters of Rizal – Josefa Rizal & Trinidad Rizal ★ MELCHORA RAMOS Y AQUINO • Tandang Sora (January 6, 1812 – March 2, 1919) • Mother of the Katipunan • She fed the Katipuneros and nursed the wounded patriots • Later she was arrested by the Spanish authorities and was exiled in Marianas.

SERVICE OF THE WOMEN IN THE KATIPUNAN ● ● ●

They guarded the secret documents and paraphernalia of the society. They helped recruit new members of the society. Whenever the Katipuneros were holding their secret meeting, they held a gay party to cover up the revolutionary activity.

LITERATURE OF THE KATIPUNAN • Emilio Jacinto – youngest and greatest writer of the Katipunan • His pen name was Dimas-Ilaw • He wrote the following: – A la Patria – his poetical masterpiece – Liwanag at Dilim – a series of essays on human rights, liberty, equality of men, labor, and love of country. – Kartilya ng Katipunan – contains the teachings of the KKK.

• True piety consists of being charitable, loving one’s fellow men, and being judicious in behavior, speech and deed. • All persons are equal, regardless of the color of their skin. While one could have more schooling, wealth, or beauty than another, all that does not make one more human than anybody else. • A person with a noble character values honor above self-interest, while a person with a base character values self-interest above honor. • To a person of honor, his/her word is a pledge. • Don’t waste time; lost wealth can be retrieved, but time lost is lost forever. • Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor. • The wise person is careful in all he/she has to say and is discreet about things that need to be kept secret./ An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows how to keep the secrets that must be guarded. • In the thorny path of life, the man leads the way and his wife and children follow. If the leader goes the way to perdition, so do the followers. (Note: This begins with an observation of the vertical relationship of husband and wife during the time of the Katipunan; now, we can say that the parents lead the way and the children follow.) • Never regard a woman as an object for you to trifle with; rather you should consider her as a partner and helpmate. Give proper consideration to a woman’s frailty and never forget that your own mother, who brought you forth and nurtured you from infancy, is herself such a person. • Don’t do to the wife, children, brothers, and sisters of others what you do not want done to your wife, children, brothers, and sisters. • A man’s worth is not measured by his station in life, neither by the height of his nose nor the fairness of skin, and certainly not by whether he is a priest claiming to be God’s deputy. Even if he is a tribesman from the hills and speaks only his tongue, a man has fine perceptions and is loyal to his native land.

KARTILYA OF THE KATIPUNAN • A life that is not dedicated to a noble cause is like a tree without a shade or a poisonous weed. • A deed lacks nobility if it is motivated by self-interest and not by a sincere desire to help.

• When these teachings shall have been propagated and the glorious sun of freedom begins to shine on these poor Islands to enlighten a united race and people, then all the lives lost, all the struggle and the sacrifices will not have been in vain.

DECALOGUE OF THE KATIPUNAN

• The money used to buy the printing press was donated by two Visayan katipuneros: – Francisco del Castillo – Candido Iban – whose ticket won the lottery.

JOSE RIZAL AND THE KATIPUNAN ● ●

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Love God with all your heart. Bear always in mind that the love of God is also the love of Country, and this too, is love of one’s fellow men. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor and happiness is to die for the freedom of your country. All your good wishes will be crowned with success if you have serenity, constancy, reason, and faith in your acts and endeavor. Guard the mandates and aims of the KKK as you guard your honor, It is the duty of all to deliver, at the risk of their own lives and wealth, anyone who runs great risks in the performance of his duty. Our responsibility to ourselves and the performance of our duties will be the example set for our fellowmen to follow. In so far as it is within your power, share your means with the poor and the unfortunate. Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to you is the true basis of love – love yourself, for your wife and children, and for your brothers and countrymen.

• Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all good works. Believe, likewise, that the aims of the KKK are God-given for the will of the people is also the will of God.

• From the time that Rizal was banished in Dapitan in July of 1892, he has devoted himself to helping the people in Dapitan. • Bonifacio tried hard to convince Rizal to support the armed revolt, because he believed that if Rizal would give his approval, that would enable the reluctant ilustrados to support the cause of the Katipunan. • Pio Valenzuela – was sent by Bonifacio in Dapitan to convince Rizal to give his approval. • Rizal – believed that it was foolishness to fight the Spaniards without sufficient arms and funds. – He suggested that the Katipuneros wait for sometime before the launching of an armed struggle. • Even so, he suggested as to why not attract the influential and wealthy Filipinos to the cause to ensure the success of the revolution. He also suggested ANTONIO LUNA to be appointed as their MILITARY LEADER • Valenzuela came back to Manila and reported the results of his mission, Bonifacio admitted that it would be fatal for them to start a revolution without enough weapons with which to fight the enemy. • Paciano Rizal – Jose Rizal’s older brother supported Bonifacio. • Bonifacio – hang Rizal’s portrait in their headquarters.

DR. PIO VALENZUELA...