Chap036 - Prescotts 10th Ed. PDF

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Chapter 36Clinical Microbiology and ImmunologyMultiple Choice Questions1. Standard microbiological practices include all of the following EXCEPTA. work space should be disinfected only when contaminating spills occur.B. eating, drinking, manipulation of contact lenses, and the use of cosmetics, gum,...

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Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Chapter 36 Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Standard microbiological practices include all of the following EXCEPT A. work space should be disinfected only when contaminating spills occur. B. eating, drinking, manipulation of contact lenses, and the use of cosmetics, gum, and tobacco products are strictly prohibited in the lab. C. lab personnel should know how to use the emergency eyewash and shower stations. D. hair longer than shoulder length should be tied back.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Objective: 08.06 Practice safe microbiology, using appropriate protective and emergency procedures. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.01.02 Practice biosafety, especially with clinical specimens Learning Outcome: 36.02.02 Paraphrase the “standard microbiological practices” that guide lab safety Learning Outcome: 36.02.04 Integrate safety practices into laboratory workflow Section: 36.01 Section: 36.02 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

Fill in the Blank Questions 2. Recommended guidelines for laboratory microbiological precautions should reflect the laboratory’s ________ _________. biosafety level

ASM Objective: 08.06 Practice safe microbiology, using appropriate protective and emergency procedures. ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.02.03 Cite the biosafety levels and provide examples of microorganisms assigned to each level Section: 36.02 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

Multiple Choice Questions

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Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

3. Which of the following is not a guideline on selection, collection, and handling of clinical specimens? A. A small quantity of specimen should be obtained.

B. The specimen selected should be representative of the infectious disease process. C. The specimen should be forwarded promptly to the clinical laboratory. D. Attention must be given to avoid contamination of the specimen.

ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods. ASM Objective: 08.06 Practice safe microbiology, using appropriate protective and emergency procedures. ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.01.02 Practice biosafety, especially with clinical specimens Learning Outcome: 36.03.02 Define and provide examples of appropriately collected specimens Section: 36.01 Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

36-2 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

4. Which of the following tests can be used to distinguish Escherichia from Enterobacter? A. IMVIC B. ONPG test C. Citrate utilization

D. Starch hydrolysis

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 36.03.05 Interpret the microscopy, culture, biochemical, and molecular assays used to identify microorganisms from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Phenotypic Methods for Identification

5. The clinical microbiology laboratory can provide preliminary identification of microorganisms based on A. microscopic examination of specimens. B. growth or biochemical characteristics. C. immunologic techniques that detect microbial antigens. D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Explain the workflow approach to identifying microorganisms in the clinical lab Learning Outcome: 36.03.05 Interpret the microscopy, culture, biochemical, and molecular assays used to identify microorganisms from patient specimens Section: 36.01 Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms Topic: Phenotypic Methods for Identification

36-3 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

6. Which of the following can be examined with an ordinary bright-field microscope? A. Wet mounts

B. Heat-fixed specimens C. Chemical-fixed specimens D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.03.03 Describe the use of microscopy to identify microorganisms in patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Phenotypic Methods for Identification

7. Ten percent Calcofluor White stain is often used in wet mounts of _________. A. bacteria B. parasites C. molds D. protozoa

ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.03 Describe the use of microscopy to identify microorganisms in patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

36-4 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

8. In the clinical laboratory, which of the following is (are) used as a rapid method of identification? A. Manual biochemical kit systems

B. Mechanized/automated systems C. Immunologic systems D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.03.05 Interpret the microscopy, culture, biochemical, and molecular assays used to identify microorganisms from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

36-5 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

9. An example of miniaturized commercial rapid bacterial identification system based on biochemical analysis is the A. API 20E system. B. Widal test. C. Kirby-Bauer test. D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.05 Interpret the microscopy, culture, biochemical, and molecular assays used to identify microorganisms from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

36-6 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

10. Which of the following media will permit the growth of one group of bacteria while inhibiting the growth of some other groups? A. Differential

B. Selective C. Enrichment D. Characteristic

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.03.04 Explain common methods for culturing common bacteria, fungi, and viruses from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

11. The most common method used by clinical microbiology labs for identifying bacteria are _________. A. biochemical B. morphological C. PCR D. DNA fingerprinting

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.03.05 Interpret the microscopy, culture, biochemical, and molecular assays used to identify microorganisms from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

36-7 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

12. Which of the following is not used to culture viruses? A. Growth on artificial media

B. Growth in cell cultures C. Growth in embryonated hen's eggs D. Growth in whole animals

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.04 Explain common methods for culturing common bacteria, fungi, and viruses from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

36-8 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

13. Which of the following is useful in the identification of bacteria? A. Source of the culture specimen

B. Growth patterns on selective and differential media C. Hemolytic, metabolic, and fermentative properties D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.03.01 Construct a work plan for the identification of a specific microorganism from a clinical specimen Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

36-9 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

14. Which of the following is routinely used to detect spirochetes in skin lesions in early syphilis? A. Bright-field microscopy

B. Phase-contrast microscopy C. Dark-field microscopy D. DNA fingerprinting ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.03 Describe the use of microscopy to identify microorganisms in patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms Topic: Spirochetes

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Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

15. Which of the following is/are used to detect chlamydiae in tissues and cell scrapings? A. PCR methods B. Microscopy of Giemsa stained samples

C. Immunofluorescence D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.01 Construct a work plan for the identification of a specific microorganism from a clinical specimen Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

True / False Questions 16. Fungal infections are often diagnosed by direct microscopic examination of specimens. TRUE

ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.03.03 Describe the use of microscopy to identify microorganisms in patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

36-11 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

17. The major focus of the clinical microbiologist is to rapidly isolate and identify microorganisms from clinical specimens. TRUE

ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms. ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Explain the workflow approach to identifying microorganisms in the clinical lab Section: 36.01 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

18. The purpose of the clinical microbiology laboratory is to maintain cultures of microorganisms. FALSE

ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms. ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.01.01 Explain the workflow approach to identifying microorganisms in the clinical lab Section: 36.01 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

19. A clinical specimen represents a portion or quantity of human material for testing, examination, or study in order to determine the presence or absence of specific microorganisms. TRUE

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.02 Define and provide examples of appropriately collected specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

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Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

20. DNA probe technology identifies microorganisms by probing their genetic composition. TRUE

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods. ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.01 Construct a work plan for the identification of a specific microorganism from a clinical specimen Learning Outcome: 36.03.05 Interpret the microscopy, culture, biochemical, and molecular assays used to identify microorganisms from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

21. Restriction endonucleases are a class of enzymes produced by bacteria. TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.05 Interpret the microscopy, culture, biochemical, and molecular assays used to identify microorganisms from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

22. The principle of plasmid fingerprinting is that microbial isolates of the same strain contain the same plasmids. TRUE

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods. ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.03.01 Construct a work plan for the identification of a specific microorganism from a clinical specimen Learning Outcome: 36.03.05 Interpret the microscopy, culture, biochemical, and molecular assays used to identify microorganisms from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

36-13 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 36 - Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

23. Determining the susceptibility of a microorganism to specific chemotherapeutic agents is an important service performed in the clinical microbiology laboratory. TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods. ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.01 Construct a work plan for the identification of a specific microorganism from a clinical specimen Learning Outcome: 36.03.05 Interpret the microscopy, culture, biochemical, and molecular assays used to identify microorganisms from patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology

24. The Gram stain is used for bacteria that have cell walls while the acid-fast stain is used primarily for wall-less bacteria. FALSE

ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 36.03.03 Describe the use of microscopy to identify microorganisms in patient specimens Section: 36.03 Topic: Clinical Microbiology Topic: Identifying Microorganisms

Fill in the Blank Questions 25. The use of rRNA gene sequences to identify bacterial strains is referred to as ___________. ribotyping

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological). ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods. ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 36.03.01 Construct a work ...